life 2021 sap nat nature

8, 1450414510 (2020). The estimated decline for Brazil was 0.94 years for both sexes, 0.66 years for females and 1.17 years for males. 32, 290299 (2016). 3 0 obj An estimated 6.3 billion metric tons of post-consumer polymer waste has been produced, with the majority (79%) in landfills or the environment. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (2020). 39, 2737 (2020). 1c), broadly mirroring the patterns across states (Fig. 5). You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. conceived the research. Ichiura, H., Nakaoka, H. & Konishi, T. Recycling disposable diaper waste pulp after dehydrating the superabsorbent polymer through oxidation using ozone. Semin. To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. From April to December 2020, an emergency basic income program mitigated the challenges imposed by the pandemic37 (for example, unemployment), but this benefit ended in December 2020. endobj [:BiU{okw}weM~{zo=nR{=x"}C?V]nQi,"8(,|"}'Y77iY. Second, COVID-19 disrupted primary care services in Brazil27. Waste Manag. Governors in that region imposed the most rigorous measures of physical distancing, in direct opposition to recommendations from the President14. 5, 501516 (2020). Error bars are derived from an average of two experiments. Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. J. Adhes. CAS Al-Aly, Z., Xie, Y. Thus, we estimated total deaths in 2021, inclusive of COVID-19 deaths, as \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), where \({\,}_nD_x\) is the number of deaths estimated to occur in 2021 in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_nK_x\) is the population at risk in the age range x to x + n; \({\,}_n^ \ast M_x\) are age-specific mortality rates in the absence of COVID-19 (assumed to be 2019 mortality rates); and \({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\) is the number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths. To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-11/documents/2017_facts_and_figures_fact_sheet_final.pdf (2019). Rochman, C. M. Microplastics research-from sink to source. (In contrast to this assumption, the potential dependence between COVID-19 and other causes might lead to modified probabilities of dying from other causes if COVID-19 were eliminated or added as a cause of death.) Commercial polymers are ubiquitous, with a global annual production of approximately 368 million metric tons1, with about 75% of plastics disposed of after a single use2. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Defined and directed strategic marketing and go-to-market plans. Nmero 30 116 (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatsticaIBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenao de Populao e Indicadores Sociais, 2013). performed the computations mentored by P.M.Z. Both methods resulted in larger estimates of life expectancy decline compared to the difference between 2019 and 2020 period life tables (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2): for example, for Brazil (both sexes), the decline in e0 was estimated at 1.92 years (DT20) and 1.67 years (DT19) versus 1.31 years (difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables). Plastics and the Environment. The materials, equipment, synthetic methods, as well as all processed data generated in this study are provided in the Supplementary Information file. 2 Topics under the 2021 call 1. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. xCv+}jE`MGA-k8E5YYM If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Revista de Administrao Pblica 54, 678696 (2020). Skilled in Business Planning, Operations Management, Business Intelligence, and Logistics Management. & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. Depolymerization of polymers. ]}JazX HuEYW0l n5!R?VF|-ww!OHq3G,a@n:X%~m=}WW[ll_oq stream Natl Acad. Excitingly, a viable central region pressure-sensitive adhesive is accessible without any sonication. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives resistance to shear, and this term generally increases in samples with more chain entanglements (e.g., with increasing Mw). Chang noted that most existing PSAs appear between the G and G bounds of 103 and 106 Pascals (Pa) at the aforementioned bounding frequencies, and can be grouped into the quadrants (and central region) highlighted in Fig. served as a sounding board throughout the project. B Biol. Sci. Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, observed a very high attack rate after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020 (ref. The LIFE programme is structured in two fields - Environment and Climate Action - and it contributes to these priorities through its four sub-programmes: Environment field: 1. You can alreadyfind all information and documentation needed at theFunding & Tenders Portal, includingthe call text and application forms. Sonochem. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. In a previous paper, we described the spatiotemporal patterns of the spread of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil18. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature As many countries speed up vaccination coverage and witness declines in cases and deaths, Brazil lags behind. It was here that Sam, my husband, turned to me and said, 'This could . and S.K. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. Am. <>/Metadata 249 0 R/ViewerPreferences 250 0 R>> We calculated the correlation between the speed of the spread of COVID-19 deaths (measured by the locational Hoover Index)18 and the decline in e0. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002 (2021). Mortality due to COVID-19 is estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 1.13 years, setting it back to values observed in 2003 (ref. We calculated the probability of surviving from age x to age x + n (npx), the probability of dying between age x and x + n (nqx) and the average person-years lived in the interval by those dying in the interval (nax): where * indicates that the measure is from the life table that does not contain COVID-19 as a cause of death. Mechanically-induced chemical changes in polymeric materials. Self-wetting adhesive composition. Supports production requirements as needed and performs other related duties consistent with the nature of the job as directed by the Ops Leader/Plant Leader. sub-programme "Circular economy and quality of life". JAMA 324, 510513 (2020). Here, chemical transformations are used to convert waste polymers into other value-added materials, delaying their entry into the waste stream. Peer review information Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. April 2021 was the deadliest month since the pandemic began: nine capital cities reported more deaths than births, and, by 25 April, the number of COVID-19 deaths in 2021 surpassed that reported in 2020. Rev. Most consumer PSA-based products are found in either quadrant 3 or the central region (e.g., office tape, sticky notes, bandages, and removable labels), which is signified by low-to-medium G and G. Proposals under this topic must address EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation compliance assurance and access to justice by:- establishing new or, where in place, enhancing existing cross-border, national or regional networks of compliance assurance practitioners or experts; and/or establishing or, where in place, improving professional These results suggest that the substrate hydrophobicity also favors conversion to the ester. Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 sap env gov #life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 ta pp env sip #Life Call #life programme 2021 #LIFE Program #call for proposals climate change 2021 #life 2021 strat two stage 4). For example, upon heating, polyacrylic acid is known to undergo dehydration and decarboxylation in bulk17 and solution18, respectively. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale The corresponding VW for each adhesive is the rectangular region bounded by these four moduli. Numbers above 100 indicate more deaths in 2021 than 2020. Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products. XWPH.c0vyT0GA&AEO_18Py7%ZN&d"h%I.[Al} xlTBbp~VXaUL|y17 Acrylic acid and derivatives. %PDF-1.7 4 0 obj Previous studies used this approach to estimate life tables in the presence of COVID-19 (refs. interpreted the data. First, differences in these period life expectancies capture both direct and indirect mortality effects of COVID-19 in 2020. This year's call for the 2021 is open to two areas and their sub-programmes: 1. Here we report an open-loop recycling method for these materials that involves (i) decrosslinking via hydrolysis, (ii) an optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) functionalizing via Fischer esterification. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance LIFE-2021-CET-LOCAL - Technical support to clean energy transition plans and strategies in municipalities and regions LIFE-2021-CET-PDA - Disruptive PDA - Technical Assistance to advance market boundaries for sustainable energy investments Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). Liu, Y., Lotero, E. & Goodwin, J. G. Jr Effect of water on sulfuric acid catalyzed esterification. Labels above bars indicate the states with extreme (high and low) life expectancies in 2019 and 2020. Therefore, efforts to introduce synergy between superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery and PSA production may provide much-needed demand for diaper recycling end-products, which in-turn may improve environmental performance for both processes on a large scale. B., Bell, J. Internet Explorer). Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. To probe whether the hydrophobic side chains also push the equilibrium towards esterification, atomistic simulations were used (Supplementary Information pgs S27S29)46,47. Rahimi, A. Caruso, M. M. et al. Chem. Fagnani, D. E. et al. We removed 2,689 (0.20%) and 2,722 (0.18%) records in 2019 and 2020, respectively, that did not have information on sex and/or age. Genomics and epidemiology of a novel SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. Decrosslinking has been reported using ozonolysis16, though not for the purposes of mechanical recycling. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) Page contents Details Description Details Status Closed Publication date 17 May 2022 Opening date 17 May 2022 Deadline model Single-stage Deadline date 04 October 2022, 17:00 (CEST) Funding programme Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) Department 29, 233246 (1990). % :X"."o:XKw$0/vvDvXK Formal training in customer service with. 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu) IBGE. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. U.S. Patent Application 2021/0054248 A1 (Februrary 25, 2021). y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. X.iieS(,& A new variant of concern (P.1, now called Gamma), which emerged in the city in November 2020, is estimated to be 1.42.2 times more transmissible than other lineages, and at least 17% of the P.1 infections in Manaus in 2021 were reinfections23,24. Estimated change in e0 (c) and e65 (d) in 2021. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. Nat. In the Northeast, however, the estimated decreases in life expectancy in 2020 are smaller than in the North. and JavaScript. I\{vd^TC{3SR ZL]hXSU}HcQnVH~;kJ{r]%44FG>~iOq|_nK.u2AMr4P'1Lc3FwMEEet8uU6BmgM1jH#Nip $jmVP->Y$FB4|Kf }Y . the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in ACS Sustain. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (JanuaryApril) to those reported in 2020 (%). Most of their feedstocks come from nonrenewable resources3. Glacial acrylic acid (GAA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA). J. Environ. Without a change in coordination of pandemic response, expansion of testing and a rapid increase in vaccination, Brazil will soon become a serious threat to national and global health security42. California, United States. Duque, D. Auxlio Emergencial faz pobreza cair em plena pandemia. The main results presented in the text are based on differences between the 2019 and 2020 life tables, for two primary reasons. 239, 255261 (2019). 4074 https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes (IBGE, Coordenao de Geografia, 2016). Polym. Proc. Stab. However, this approach can lead to low yields due to competitive ester hydrolysis41,42 and catalyst deactivation by water43. Fig. Process for Producing Acrylic Acid. We found that the faster the speed at which COVID-19 spread across municipalities (a lower locational Hoover Index), the larger the changes in e0 (Pearson correlation=0.724, P<0.001). Considering this factor, the optimized conditions involved sonicating a 2.5% w/v solution for 1min to give an Mw ~360kg/mol, and a 5.0% w/v solution for 2min to give a Mw of ~330kg/mol37. Surprisingly, even when excess H2O was intentionally added (3 equiv), high conversions were still observed (Supplementary Information pgs S15S16). Popul. Andrasfay, T. & Goldman, N. Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations. https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf (2021). We also estimated changes in e65 (Fig. Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. In contrast, when acetic acid was reacted with ethanol/water, the conversion was only 68%. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles H2SO4 with heating (Fig. Nature 594, 259264 (2021). Ranzani, O. T. et al. For candidates working in person or remotely in the below locations, the salary* range for this specific position is $72,960 to $131,328. We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. In closed-loop chemical recycling, chemical transformations are used to cleave the polymer into its monomers (depolymerization), or to create a polymer with equivalent function12. Article Of the gains achieved in e0 in Brazil over 2 decades, 19% were lost due to COVID-19 (Supplementary Table 8). Overall, the viscoelastic properties of the synthesized PSAs suggest they would be useful for applications such as removable general-purpose adhesives, including tapes, bandages, and sticky notes. Jul 13, 2021 Nature and Biodiversity ID:LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Type of action: [object Object] Objective: To contribute to European Union objectives for the protection, maintenance and restoration of the Union's natural capital in its marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. In the first 4 months of 2021, COVID-19 deaths represented 107% of the total 2020 figures. Several environmental impact categories were examined, but particular attention was paid to the global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand (CED). and C.M.T. The resulting chain-shortened PAAP&G fragments were then dialyzed to remove excess acid, lyophilized, and then ground into a powder. CAS and T.A. Expected Impact . <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> US Provisional Patent Application No. b, Gap (in years) in state e0 and e65 in 2019 and 2020, calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest life expectancy among states (Methods). PubMed Central From these studies, we conclude that the quantitative esterification of the polymer results from the hydrophobic reaction environment created by the polymer backbone and the 2-ethylhexanol solvent. Process Saf. One salient example is the superabsorbent material used in diapers and feminine hygiene products, which contain crosslinked sodium polyacrylates. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE General Information Projects should fall under at least one of the two areas of intervention: Intervention area: "Space for Nature" Any project aimed at improving the condition of species or habitats through areabased conservation or restoration measures falls within the eligible scope of the intervention area . )fdg{ca8L[2!/5\r>yGFB]Jd0EH|-v6fmxtlv^{@-0x@oOXLx1)&f@4M6"S6,+I"zvM7AC ~z:Wy{wF3JkGZpd\ _] 7N8cPi} COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. For comparison, we also evaluated the hydrolysis using 0.8M aq. sub-programme "Transition to clean energy". J. Org. Int. 2. A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps, and will be described in more detail below. The magnitude of the COVID-19 death toll was not homogenous across states and was associated with the pattern of spread18. In summary, the death toll of COVID-19 in Brazil has been catastrophic. Chem. Brazils unified health system: the first 30 years and prospects for the future. 10, 48754880 (2019). 19, 36923706 (2017). The resulting acidic polymer solutions were used directly in the subsequent experiments without any isolation steps. SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. defined the methodology. 123, 116129 (2019). From an energetic standpoint, the CED is reduced by 18.8% and 18.6% with the sonication scenarios, and further reduced (by 24.8%) in the scenario without sonication. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This year, there is 598 million available for nature conservation, environmental protection, climate action, and clean energy transition projects. Silveira, M. F. et al. 34, 189200 (1991). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature Medicine (Nat Med) Height influenced biomass accumulation and hence C gain, where life forms . Andrady, A. L. Advancing sustainable materials management: 2017 fact sheet. In Latin America, at least four countries experienced secular mortality declines at earlier dates: Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica and Cuba9. Excess mortality in Brazil: a detailed description of trends in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health 8, E1018E1026 (2020). Article Article Jennifer Sargent was the primary editor on this article and managed its editorial process and peer review in collaboration with the rest of the editorial team. Google Scholar. Locations: Colorado; Nevada, Jersey City, NJ; New York City, NY; Ithaca, NY and Westchester County, NY. J. Environ. 9w%?>Jb(o.IACt"`. JAMA 325, 808811 (2021). Castro, M.C., Gurzenda, S., Turra, C.M. Carvalho, C. A., Viola, P. C. A. F. & Sperandio, N. How is Brazil facing the crisis of food and nutrition security during the COVID-19 pandemic? Pereira, A. K., Oliveira, M. S. & Sampaio, T. S. Heterogeneidades das polticas estaduais de distanciamento social diante da COVID-19: aspectos polticos e tcnico-administrativos. Lancet Respir. Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. Khoo, S. C. et al. MRS Bull. Google Scholar. Demonstrativos de linhagens e genomas SARS-CoV-2. sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. 127, 289301 (2016). endobj Sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent materials used in disposable diapers and feminine hygiene products have been challenging to recycle through either open- or closed-loop processes. Together, the United States and Brazil account for 28% of the worlds death toll and 59% of the death toll in the Americas. Chiang, C. L. Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Biostatistics (Wiley, 1968). 4a). 2). Briefly, nonamers of polyacrylic acid were used as a model system along withbutanol Comparison of the reaction free energies was made between the first esterification and the final esterification. McNeill, I. C. & Sadeghi, S. M. T. Thermal stability and degradation mechanisms of poly(acrylic acid) and its salts: Part 1-poly(acrylic acid). Hone, T. et al. Correspondence to CAS is supported by the National Institute on Aging (grant no. A summary of findings and implications of these estimates is shown in Table 1. As of 29 May 2021, the number of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil was 137% of those reported in 2020; in Amazonas, for every COVID-19 death in 2020, there have been 1.5 deaths in 2021. The complex viscosity again dropped several orders of magnitude over 24h, at which point no further changes were observed, again suggesting that most crosslinks have been hydrolyzed (Supplementary Fig. Public Health Nutr. Preprint at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1 (2021). Estimates are presented by sex and state, and we measured and compared changes across states and in femalemale gaps in life expectancy. We used death rates from all causes (including COVID-19) to calculate single-decrement life tables in 2019 and 2020. Lines represent changes for Brazil. Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). Z. Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. J. Mol. ADS Raber, D. J. et al. Opening date: 13 July 2021 Deadline: 30 November 2021 Code: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Programme: LIFE - Programme for the Environment and Climate Action Go to the call Objective To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversity by: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or Based on the total number of deaths reported in Brazil in 2019 and 2020, we constructed period life tables and calculated the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 by state and sex (Methods). US Patent 9,321,868 B2 (April 26, 2016). Vaupel, J. W., Villavicencio, F. & Bergeron-Boucher, M.-P. Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity. This value suggests that the increase in polymer hydrophobicity provides a significant thermodynamic driving force towards further esterification, perhaps counteracting the buildup of water that was otherwise expected to limit conversion. Lancet 396, 367368 (2020). U.S. Patent 9,447,309 B2. Second, we calculated cause-deleted life tables for 2020 (DT20), which examine the consequences of eliminating COVID-19 mortality from 2020 deaths44. Next, undecanoic acid was esterified under the same conditions, yielding 100% ester for 2-ethylhexanol/water and 85% for ethanol/water. Buss, L. F. et al. March 2, 2023 - 6:00AM. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Gamtos valdysenos projektai (angl. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. At each time point, the maximum specific energy (wmax) was calculated using the maximum power drawn from the outlet and the mass of added PAA (Supplementary Information pg S3), and the molar masses were determined using size-exclusion chromatography. We also used these period life tables to calculate the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 (Supplementary Table 7); the difference between the highest and lowest state life expectancies; the loss due to COVID-19 relative to increases in e0 and e65 (by sex and state) over the past two decades (20002020) (Supplementary Tables 8 and 9); and the setback in life expectancy due to COVID-19 identified by the years when the life expectancies estimated for 2020 and 2021 were last observed (Supplementary Table 10). Overall health conditions of individuals with diabetes worsened in 2020 due to reduced physical activity, postponement of medical appointments and interruption in regular drug treatment31. The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. Oncol. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) To achieve the necessary cohesive and holding strength for a PSA, the polymer (after esterification) should have a Mw>400kg/mol25,36. Nature and Biodiversity ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE . projects in line with the objectives of the LIFE Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme but defined in the Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE are excluded. performed the life cycle assessments mentored by J.A. The state gap remained roughly the same for both e0 and e65 (Fig. That is, the PSAs are soft enough to flow and wet a substrate at the bonding frequency, while hard enough to hold onto a substrate, and peel cleanly at the debonding frequency. Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling. Plots of storage (G) versus loss (G) moduli for poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) (a), including visualization of Changs viscoelastic window, and of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for each route (b). Rev. and S.G. conducted data curation. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) marketGlobal industry analysis, size and forecast. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics-catalysing-action (2017). After recording the highest number of monthly COVID-19 deaths in April 2021, transmission remains extremely high, with about 2,000 daily deaths but a very slow immunization rollout. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448 (2020). The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. The authors declare no other competing interests. Google Scholar. "Environment" area. 109, 57555798 (2009). Article Rede PENSSAN. Boletim Extraordinrio do Observatrio Covid-19 Fiocruz. 1 0 obj To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. Marinho, F. et al. For 2021, as the base case scenario, we calculated the number of deaths that would occur in the absence of COVID-19 (\({\,}_n^ \ast D_x\)). Sci. Noronha, K. V. M. S. et al. 2 0 obj We also calculated state inequalities in life expectancy, measured as the difference between the lowest and the highest state life expectancy, to assess changes due to COVID-19 (Methods). Codice fiscale e Partita Iva 10125211002 . When intense shocks like a pandemic or war occur, life expectancy drops, but it often rebounds quickly. Aburto, J. M. et al. As a result, estimated e0 in Brazil in the presence of COVID-19 reflects levels observed in 2014 (Supplementary Table 10). Italian Institute for Environmental A more limited version of the basic income program was re-established in April 2021. The highest absolute and relative decline among states was estimated for Amazonas (3.46 years), followed by Amap (3.18 years) and Par (2.71 years), all in the North region. Assuming that death rates would have been equal to 2019 all-cause rates in the absence of COVID-19, COVID-19 deaths in 2021 have already reduced e0 in 2021 by 1.8 years, which is slightly larger than the reduction estimated for 2020 under similar assumptions. SAP Certified with fifteen years of SAP development experience in UK and New Zealand. Castro, M. C. et al. https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706 (2021). The potential of superabsorbent polymers from diaper wastes to enhance water retention properties of the soil. Faria, N. R. et al. and C.M.T. 3b). As high life expectancies are predominantly in the South region and the lowest are in the North, these results suggest that COVID-19 mortality reproduced regional inequalities, reflecting the pandemics disproportionate burden among vulnerable groups5 but also spatial patterns of COVID-19 spread18.

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