should southern be capitalized

If you have a question about whether a specific word should be capitalized that doesn't fit under one of these rules, try checking a dictionary to see if the word is capitalized there. If youre referring to the Western States, for example, youre referring to a group of proper nouns. Capitalize the first word of a document and the first word after a period. Best Book Writing Software and Book Writing Apps, Cursive Text Generator , Buscador de palabras y descifrador de palabras. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. The image of a Southern belle is often characterized by fashion elements such as a hoop skirt, a corset, pantalettes, a wide-brimmed straw hat, and gloves. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the western winds, western should be lowercase. As Sven Yargs' answer shows, there is a strong descriptivist argument involved. Capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. Which sentence is capitalized correctly I learned that Thor? The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. To put it another way, capitalize words like Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis in place of the persons name. The mines are in the plateaus western region. Meaning of Western world and alternative terms, Specifying geography with cardinal directions, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Meaning of " Western world" and alternative terms. Job seekers, Is Pepsi the owner of KFC? When the word "state" comes after a state's name, it should be capitalized. Another example, "Eastern" in the phrase "Eastern bankers" is capitalized since the word denotes a certain group of people. Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. Only capitalize state when it follows the states name, such as New York State is also known as the Empire State, or when it is part of a traditional state name, such as Empire State or Lone Star State, can be capitalized. In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. Do you capitalize north? You should read both Western and Eastern philosophy. 1 The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. Should southern be capitalized? Drive south for five miles. Canada, Western European nations and developed parts of Asia; Global Southern countries are those that are less economically developed such as nations in Africa and some parts of Asia [29 . Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? However, when giving an address, or in tables or other uses in which space is limited, use the US Postal Services symbol system, which consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are always capitalized and no periods are used (for example, NY for New York). Similarly, the European Union is an assortment of multiple countries. Why distinguishes money from other assets in the economy. Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? In most forms of writings, not capitalizing direction names when they could have been capitalized doesn't bother the readers much. So it would be best to check your style guide if you have one and to make sure whatever you choose is used consistently. Capitalize locations in a country if the proper noun is given in other words, the name of a region or city, such as the Congo, the Mississippi River, etc. When Should You Capitalize Geographic Regions in the United States? Proper nouns are names of particular individuals, places, or things, such as Josephina, Michigan, Oreo, and United Auto Workers. Western (and Northern) blots however, were not named after inventors but were given these names in honor of . These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) suggests lowercasing terms like midwesterner, northerner, southerner, and westerner, except when referencing the Civil War, in which case Northerner and Southerner should be capitalized:6. Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, capitalization, Chicago style, dictionaries. As an aside, when we toured through the San Francisco Peninsula earlier this year, our guide told us that the natives generally didn't like the name 'Silicon Valley'. Lowercase to when it functions in an infinitive. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. Capitalize the pronoun. Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. ANS: Demand, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Thor and Norway are capitalized because they are proper nouns. To capitalize or not to capitalize "southern" California [duplicate]. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. In domains such as ecology, physical geography, environmental geography, and zoogeography, regions are typically based on ecosystems, biomes, natural regions, drainage basins, soil types, mountain ranges, and other natural features. Capitalize proper nouns and most adjectives formed from proper nouns. To summarize the advice above, we suggest: However, capitalization may depend on the style guide youre using. Have you ever visited the Western United States? But when the term is used in a formal name, it's capitalized, as in "the Hudson River". 2023 Caniry - All Rights Reserved Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Capitalization Do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, etc., unless the word is part of a formal name. I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. In headlines, the periods are omitted. the East, the North, the South, the West (of a country) northern, southern, eastern, western (parts of a country) "The State Finance Department," for example, is a good example. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Hope all that helps! The AP Stylebook, which is the guiding stylebook for a number of news organizations, including The Daily Tar Heel, advises against using the Oxford comma in most basic series. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. Do you capitalize Pacific Northwest? You would capitalize "Southern" when referring to the people, or their culture, politics, or social activities, e.g., Southern hospitality, Southern cuisine, Southern accents. The example you give is a generic direction used as an adjective (like the "east wing of the mansion" example in the post), so no capitalization is required. Southern, on the other hand, is capitalized by convention when it refers to California: I live in Southern California. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. When used to refer to direction and location, dont capitalize the names of directions like north, south, east, or west; however, when they appear in the names of places and regions, do capitalize these words. Only a few signs of the zodiac are automatically capitalized (Capricorn, Gemini, Sagittarius, Taurus). when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. In general, Midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) suggests capitalizing terms like Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner:5. Be the first to read new posts and updates about MLA style. You should capitalize the words East Coast when referring to a specific region, such as Im traveling to the East Coast, because East Coast is a proper noun in this case. You should capitalize "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). Capitalize the first word of every sentence. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. Hi, Victoria. Here Chemistry and Spanish are the proper nouns. The word should only be capitalized if it appears in the body's name. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the South." If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go south on I-90," then you should keep south lowercase. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. When they indicate compass direction, lowercase north, south, northeast, and so on, but capitalize when it indicates a region: the West Coast. Are seasons capitalized or not? Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: You should always capitalize Westerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. [Relevant examples:] the South, southern, a southerner (of a country); the South, Southern, a Southerner (in American Civil War contexts); the Deep South; Southern California; the South of France (region); Southeast Asia; South Africa; South African (referring to the Republic of South Africa); southern Africa (referring to the southern part of the continent); south; southern; southward; to the south (directions). But when the words are used in specific contexts, denote people belonging to a particular region, or refer to their social, political, or cultural activities, they are capitalized. Southern California; West Texas; the Lower East Side of New York; If in doubt, use lowercase. What about capitalizing western or Westerner? Should southern be capitalized? One exception to this rule: common objects with a country or nationality as part of the name ( french fries, scotch whiskey, venetian blinds, and so forth). How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates. Some authorities also capitalize titles if they immediately follow the name without the word "the.". Todays post explains when to capitalize geographic regions in the United States. capitalization. Capitalizing the Word States If a writer refers to the United States and refers to it only as the States, states must be capitalized. Is it Southern or Southern? Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology. So, if a person is from South Africa, south would be capitalized since it's the proper name of the country. Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. Here are directions capitalized in sentences: Words such as "southerner" and "northerner" are usually not capitalized if they denote people. A recognized geographical region. Back East. As a result, noun will always be the first capital letter. However, they should be capitalized only in such contexts; names of compass points in sentences such as "I drove southeast for several hours" or "Have you been to any of the southwestern states?" are not capitalized. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook. The seasons are not proper nouns and are therefore not normally capitalized. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. . Whichever version you use, then, we'd suggest not capitalizing the direction, just the country name. You should only capitalize directions, such as south, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as in the South. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep south lowercase. Federal or federal? Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. In June 1963, the Department provided an initial list of abbreviations, but many had only three or four letters, which were still too long. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? So the upshot of my answer is that you didn't miss the memo (or perhaps I should say The Memo) on this issue, but at the same time you didn't notice a larger phenomenon in accordance with which initial-capping Southern California is by no means a unique, inexplicable, or indefensible treatment of a regional name. Hi, James. The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. Consistency is the most important thing, though, so you should be fine as long as the form chosen is clear and you use it each time. When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? Despite that, knowing how to capitalize names of places, regions, geographical features, directions, etc. That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated. The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous Midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. Q. Debating with an editor over capitalization of the word bicentennial. The seasons arent proper nouns, so theyre not usually capitalized. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as play with), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go north on I-90," then you should keep north lowercase. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . When writing or proofreading manuscripts, names of regions and their capitalization rules could be tricky to discern or ascertain. Prepositions, such as at, around, by, after, along, for, from, of, on, to, with & without. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. In what contexts would I capitalize "city" and "county"? By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. At the most basic level, the standard advice is to lowercase north, south, east and west when used as compass directions and to capitalize them when they are used as part of a proper noun or adjective or refer to regions or geographic areas. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. So: North Carolina is north of South Carolina and east of West Virginia. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Therefore, use "Black" and "White" instead of "black" and "white" (do not use colors to refer to other human groups; doing so is considered pejorative). Use capital letters in the following ways: The first words of a sentence When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line. Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize "Southern" when referring to "the South" in the United States, regardless of whether you're discussing the Civil War. References to God (s) The word "god" should be capitalized if it is being used as a proper name of a monotheistic god, as in God in Christianity and Judaism. Is Southern California capitalized AP style? In your first paragraph after the caption you make a good comparison between Wild West and Southern California, but I'm still troubled by a couple of issues. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. Hi, Mary. A region can be a city, town, village, country, continent, or any area that comes under the jurisdiction or administration of a state. When the word state forms the full name of a specific body, you must also capitalize it. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. More answers below Questions that can be answered using commonly-available references are off-topic, as are those lacking any signs of reasonable research. Also, if "region" is the first word in a sentence, it is capitalized. In terms of "human geography", the regions and their subregions are elucidated by the ethnography discipline. But things become tricky once we get down to the details. Geographic Regions Used as Adjectives Whether it's an "official" name or not and how well the thing is defined have no bearing whatsoever. The United Kingdom, for instance, is a region that comprises four countries: Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Wales. Automatically capitalize your email subjects, essay, headline, and article titles. The first instance of when "global" should be capitalized is when used as the first word in a sentence. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. So you would only capitalize federal when you use it in the name of a federal agency, an act, or some other proper noun. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest).1. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Am I a midwesterner or a Midwesterner? Updated on December 22, 2018. However, if you are referring to a general region, such as the east coast of the United States then you should keep the words lowercase. But when these terms are part of an actual place's name, capitalize them, as in "Western Australia", "Northern Ireland", etc. For example: The words are also not capitalized if they only indicate locations or the climate or geography of a region. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. Unless they are actually part of the place name, directions dont need to be capitalized, but this depends on personal preference (e.g., if it might make this clearer to the reader) and whether its specified by a style guide. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0 The Content Authority is where you will find great content, written by amazing writers, around topics like grammar, writing, publishing, and marketing. For example, The hurricane move north towards the Gulf Coast. Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Characteristics. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. Only when it's very apparent or writing the direction names in small letters looks completely off, capitalize them. the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere Examples: southern France, northern Canada. Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". Don't capitalize these words when they refer to the general location, geography or climate of a region. As an Amazon Associate, CapitalizeMyTitle.com earns from qualifying purchases. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). And if so, when? The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. Names of regions should be capitalized if those are proper nouns or denote a country, city, continent, etc. However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. Capitalizing "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. The problem is, there doesn't appear to be a consensus. With names of states The same rule applies as with names of nations. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate direction or general location. AP Style states that when referring to the names of a nation, directions should . Should I capitalize "the north" and "the south" in my work on the southern campaign of the Revolutionary war? Please include the research youve done. The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. Shawn Manaher is the founder and CEO of The Content Authority. Is Grandma a well-behaved woman? Except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas, and Utah, the name of a city and state should be abbreviated when they are used together. Are coca cola and pepsi owned by the same company? With states, lowercase in most uses: northern New York. AP Style holds to the general rule of lowercasing compass directions and capitalizing regions. When we write the days of the week, we always use a capital letter.

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