nervous tissue histology ppt

This accounts for the name, based on their appearance under the microscope. Contrast the differences in the histological appearance of a pyramidal cell versus a Purkinje cell. Two nodes of Ranvier are circled in Figure 9 below. Generally, they are supporting cells for the neurons in the central nervous system. Diffuse lymphoid tissues and lymphatic nodules are non-encapsulated accumulations of lymphoid tissue found in locations such as the alimentary, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. Specialized connective tissue includes the blood, reticular, cartilage, bone and adipose tissue. Slide 66a View Virtual Slide shows a section of thoracic spinal cord. Figure 1, Figure 4, and Figure 5 show the myelin sheath surrounding an axon segment, but are not to scale. In this electron micrograph, note some of the features you saw in ventral horn motor neurons with the light microscope, such as the large, pale nucleus, prominent nucleolus, Nissl bodies, dendrites and axon. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. They are large, easily distinguishable, and have an extensive dendritic tree that is not visible in typical histology. The product is the magnifying power of the objective (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x or 100x) multiplied by the power of the ocular lenses (10x). Neurons are important, but without glial support they would not be able to perform their function. Cerebellar . Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes ( dendrites, axons ). Interstitial cells produce testosterone, a hormone that regulates spermatogenesis. Read more. DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. White matter consists of myelinated axons. Histology Copyright by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak. Myelin is a fatty substance that makes the axon appear white. The Schwann cells (in the peripheral nerves) and the satellite cells (in the ganglia) are glial cells (supporting cells) of the PNS. In the above image, we can observe only the relatively large, triangular-shaped cell bodies of the pyramidal cells with clearly visible nuclei, parts of the dendrites, and the beginnings of axons. behaviors, memories, and movements. At a histological level, both the heart and blood vessels consist of three layers: The myocardium is formed by striated cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). The white matter contains nerve fibers (axons) entering and exiting the gray matter, and traveling up and down the spinal cord, linking it to the brain. Muscle cells have a specialized type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum called sarcoplasmic reticulum, which stores calcium ions. Click on the white box with the question mark on it 4. The integumentary system consists of the skin and skin appendages. The lateral extension of the ventral horn slide 065-2 contains relatively large, multipolar visceral motor neurons of the intermediolateral cell column that extends from levels T1 through L2 of the spinal cord. Adjacent to the neuron, note myelinated axons of various sizes and also that there are no spaces between cell processes. This coronal section includes the hippocampus (hippocampus = sea horse), dentate gyrus, and adjacent temporal lobe gyrus (entorhinal cortex). Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes (dendrites, axons). If you were to look at some bones on a skeleton, youd see a greyish rigid mass with some bumps and depressions. In general, the brain is composed of an exterior layer of grey matter covering internal areas of white matter, with another internal layer of grey matter in the deepest part of the brain (called the basal nuclei). Despite their differences, they all have one thing in common; specialized elongated muscle cells, called muscle fibers. The three-dimensional shape of these cells makes the immense numbers of connections within the nervous system possible. One could say that the masters of the endocrine glands are the hypophysis (pituitary gland) and hypothalamus, since they regulate all other endocrine organs by way of homeostatic feedback mechanism. Additional sub-classifications are possible, based on the cell specializations. The proteins are then exposed to labeled artificial antibodies that bind to the protein of interest and catalyse a chemiluminescent reaction, in which light is emitted as a result of a chemical reaction allowing visualization of the protein. Most substances that cross the wall of a blood vessel into the CNS must do so through an active transport process. The cells are laid down on top of dense irregular connective tissue, the basement membrane (BM). Peripheral nerves are bundles of myelinated nerve fibers (axons) wrapped in connective tissue (endo-, peri- and epi- neurium). Lining ventricles of the brain, creating CSF. It is made up of gray matter and white matter. The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Click on explore at the bottom of the page 3. Resources in the University of Michigan Histology Dropbox, Slide 065-1N spinal chord Masson cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 065-2 spinal cord lumbar H&E cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 065-1 spinal cord lumbar H&E cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 066a thoracic spinal cord thoracic spinal cord luxol blue cross View Virtual Slide. Neurons can also be classified on the basis of where they are found, who found them, what they do, or even what chemicals they use to communicate with each other. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. The cerebellum consists of an outer cortex of grey matter covering an inner area of white matter, which itself surrounds a deeper layer of grey matter (called the cerebellar nuclei). 1. The dorsal nucleus of Clarke slide 066a View Image is in the dorsal horn and contains relatively large, multipolar neurons that receive proprioceptive information from dorsal root ganglion cells that are innervated by muscle spindles in the trunk and lower limb. Tissues. Later in this sequence, you will learn how the hippocampus and dentate gyrus function in what is known as the "limbic system" to integrate inputs from many parts of the nervous system into complicated behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interaction. It relays sensory input to other neurons in the spinal cord. Remember, this entire pathway is traveled by cells whose axons may be three feet long! As such, nerves do not contain neural cell bodies. Satellite cells are found in sensory and autonomic ganglia, where they surround the cell bodies of neurons. The PNS is all neural tissue outside of the CNS, i.e. The function of myelin will be discussed below. Did you know that chronic alcoholics have a lot more smooth endoplasmic reticulum concentrations in their hepatocytes? This nerve was additionally stained with osmium and the membranes of myelin are visible as dark rings. dendritic) processes. Each gap is called a node of Ranvier and is important to the way that electrical signals travel down the axon. Supporting cells dont get as much credit as neurons in popular culture; but did you know that glial cells make up at least 80% of nervous tissue? This traps and removes any inhaled dust, bacteria or foregn substances. They are found mainly in the olfactory epithelium (where smell stimuli are sensed), and as part of the retina. The perikarya of large somatic motor neurons slide 065-2 View Image located in the ventral horn of the cord innervate the skeletal muscles of the limbs and trunk, which are embryologically derived from somites (hence, somatic muscles). Histology - study of tissues Tissue - a collection of similar cells that group together to perform a specialized function. Nervous tissue. Bundles of myelinated axons in the brain are called tracts, while bundles of axons in the PNS are called nerves. The white matter contains nerve fibers (axons) entering and exiting the gray matter, and traveling up and down the spinal cord, linking it to the brain. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. Remember, a nerve is a bundle of axons, running in parallel, in the PNS. Histology 5.ppt CT, Bone Histology 5 supplement.ppt : Histology 6.ppt Muscle: Histology Lab 4.doc Muscle and Start of Nervous Tissue: Histology 7.ppt M, Nervous: Histology Lab 5.doc Nervous (continued), Digestion Start: Histology 8.ppt Nervous : Histology 9.ppt : Histology 10.ppt Nervous: Histology11.ppt CNS, Digestion : Histology 12.ppt . Look at the margins of the ventricle at higher magnification and note that it is entirely lined by ependymal cells. The length of the axon between each gap, which is wrapped in myelin, is referred to as an axon segment. Afferent nerves carry information from sensory organs to the brain, while efferent nerves carry motor impulses from the brain to the muscles.Taking location into account, the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the hippocampus orientation Image, observe: In the dentate gyrus orientation Image, observe: The "hilus" is the region where the head of hippocampus abuts the dentate gyrus. Alveoli are the primary site of gas exchange. Pulmonary capillaries come into close contact with the alveoli, forming the blood-air barrier. Lastly, the specimen is stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. Slide NP004N hippocampal region, coronal section, luxol blue View Virtual SlideSlide 13270astrocytes,Gold-stainingView Virtual Slide. The accessory genital glands include the prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands. The membrane wrapped around the fascicle is called an endoneurium and is made of the loose reticular connective tissue. In addition to the dorsal and ventral horns, two structures especially obvious in the thoracic cord are the dorsal nucleus of Clarke and the lateral extension of the ventral horn. There are 6 classically recognized layers of the cortex: Pyramidal cells in layers III and V tend to be larger because their axons contribute to efferent projections that extend to other regions of the CNS pyramidal neurons in layer V of motor cortices send projections all the way down to motor neurons in the spinal cord! Nervous or the nerve tissue is the main tissue of our nervous system. Other staining techniques such as Masson trichrome, alcian blue, reticulin stain and others are sometimes used to demonstrate specific tissue components not seen on a H&E stain. Where the axon emerges from the cell body, there is a special region referred to as the axon hillock. There are two types of EM: transmission electron microscopy, which requires very thin sections of tissue, and scanning electron microscopy, which uses larger pieces of tissue and produces 3-dimensional images. Gordana Sendi MD This is because the liver, among many other things, is the major detoxifying machine of the body. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. Aspects of peripheral nerve embryology and clinically . Reading time: 28 minutes. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. Oligodendrocytes (another type of glial cell) are responsible for the myelination of CNS axons. Based on their functional properties, these are described as either voluntary (skeletal) or involuntary (cardiac and smooth muscle). Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY 2 Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell neuron neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of neuroglia astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cell, microglia Synapses Myelin formation function General structure of peripheral nerves Ganglia dorsal root ganglia autonomic ganglia At a microscopic level, a nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a series of tubules. It provides somatic motor output to skeletal muscles. normal functioning and disorders of the nervous. 48 Spinal CordWhite Matter (Spinal Cord)View Virtual EM Slide In this field you see several oligodendrocytes, the cells that make myelin in the CNS, surrounded by numerous myelinated axons of various size, cut in cross section. Continue your learning with these resources. All cells of the human body are eukaryotic, meaning that they are organized into two parts: nucleus and cytoplasm. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. Based on morphology, epithelial cells can be either squamous (flat), cuboid (cube) or columnar (rectangular). Calcific bodies are present in the choroid plexus, another common site of accumulation as the years pass. This system delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues, and returns deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart and lungs. Many of these astrocytes send out processes that contact and wrap around nearby capillaries, which are also clearly recognizable as tube-shaped segments. The relationship of these two types of glial cells to ganglia and nerves in the PNS is seen in Figure 5. On a longitudinal section, cardiomyocytes appear branched, joined together by specialized junctions called intercalated discs which allow them to quickly exchange electrical impulses and work as a syncytium.

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